La institucionalidad y su incidencia en el fomento de los clústeres locales: Evidencia para Ecuador periodo 2007-2017

Abstract

This work describes the main changes in Ecuador in the 2007-2017 period, related to the strengthening of local clusters (CL) and local value chains (CV) analyzing their impact on the country's level of competitiveness. The objective is to relate the institutional reforms with the economic indicators achieved in terms of competitiveness, taking as reference the evolution in the competitive position reached in the global competitiveness index. A descriptive and applied research methodology with a mixed approach has been used, which starts from the theory to arrive at causalities and conclusions about the study phenomenon. The work introduces a theoretical model called, structural economic policy scheme, which is oriented to the promotion of productive development through structural economic policies, as the basis (cause) that generates increases in income and expenditure (effects) in the economy. The results show that the institutional changes affected positive the competitive improvement of 31 positions in the ranking 2013-2014 with respect to the 2007-2008 period. From the 2015-2016 period to the 2017-2018 period, a significant setback of 26 positions can be evidenced, which exposes the vulnerability and dependence of the Ecuadorian productive structure.