Innovación tecnológica en España: un análisis basado en patentes de la Oficina de Patentes y Marcas de Estados Unidos (1976 - 2019)
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Las empresas son actores relevantes en la investigación y el desarrollo y, cada vez más, en la innovación. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar la innovación tecnológica y el stock de patentes de las empresas españolas en el largo plazo. Se analiza específicamente esa área de innovación que las empresas protegen mediante el registro de patentes y que posiblemente genera el mayor valor añadido en la economía española. Se realizó un análisis basado en estadísticas descriptivas utilizando datos de la base de datos de la Oficina de Patentes y Marcas de los Estados Unidos (USPTO), que abarca más de 40 años, desde 1976 hasta 2019. El enfoque del artículo es identificar los altos acervos de conocimiento, medidos por patentes, en un camino específico dado que es una clave de un comportamiento empresarial de innovación inteligente. Los resultados clave incluyen que la propensión a patentar por parte de las empresas españolas sigue siendo baja. Encontramos que cuando consideramos todo el stock de patentes, las empresas más pequeñas aún mantienen un patrón de amplia dispersión y representan un volumen importante de innovaciones, sin embargo, las grandes empresas concentran muchas patentes en sectores muy concretos.
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